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<dc:title lang="en">Armed Forces, Police and Crime-fighting in Latin America</dc:title>
<dc:title lang="es">Fuerzas armadas, policía, y la lucha contra el crimen en América Latina</dc:title>
<dc:creator>David Pion-Berlin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Miguel Carreras</dc:creator>
<dc:subject lang="en">Political Science</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="en">Latin America; crime; military; authoritarian attitudes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="en">300; 320; 322; 323</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es">ciencia política</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es">América Latina; criminalidad; fuerzas armadas; actitudes autoritarias</dc:subject>
<dc:description lang="en">Over the past two decades, the armed forces have increasingly been asked to take an active role in the fight against the rampant crime in Latin America. Since the militaries in this region are not always trained to conduct themselves with restraint, the possibility of excesses and human rights violations is always latent. Despite that prospect, there is a high level of public support for military counter-crime interventions throughout the region. The key argument in this article is that when the Latin American public supports military interventions to combat crime, it makes a comparative judgment call about the relative efficacy of military vs. police conduct in domestic security roles. Latin American citizens have very low confidence in the capacity of the police to fight crime effectively and to respect human rights. They place more trust in the armed forces as an institution capable of performing effectively and in accordance with human rights standards and the rule of law. This study develops these arguments in greater detail and then turns to recent Americas Barometer surveys that clearly show that Latin American citizens place more trust in the armed forces than the police as an institution capable of effectively and humanely fighting criminal violence.</dc:description>
<dc:description lang="es">Durante las últimas dos décadas, las fuerzas armadas fueron llamadas a ocupar un rol cada vez más activo en la lucha contra una criminalidad en aumento en América latina. Dado que las fuerzas armadas de la región no siempre están bien entrenadas para usar la fuerza en el ámbito civil, la posibilidad de excesos y violaciones a los derechos humanos siempre está latente. A pesar de esta posibilidad, las intervenciones militares en la lucha contra el crimen son generalmente bien recibidas por la opinión pública en la región. El argumento central de este artículo es que el apoyo a las intervenciones militares en la lucha contra el crimen se debe a que los ciudadanos latinoamericanos tienen muy poca confianza en la capacidad de la policía para luchar contra el crimen de manera efectiva y respetando los derechos humanos. Por el contrario, depositan más confianza en las fuerzas armadas como una institución capaz de actuar de manera efectiva, y respetando los derechos humanos y el estado de derecho. Este estudio desarrolla estos argumentos y luego usa datos recientes del Barómetro de las Américas que muestran claramente que los ciudadanos latinoamericanos depositan más confianza en las fuerzas armadas que en la policía. Las fuerzas armadas son vistas como una institución más capaz de luchar de manera efectiva y humana contra la violencia criminal que la fuerza policial.</dc:description>
<dc:publisher lang="en">GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies</dc:publisher>
<dc:date>2017-12-04</dc:date>
<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
<dc:identifier>https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jpla/article/view/1072</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-4-10728</dc:identifier>
<dc:source lang="en">Journal of Politics in Latin America; Vol 9, No 3 (2017); 3-26</dc:source>
<dc:language>en</dc:language>
<dc:coverage lang="en">Latin America</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="en">1990-2017</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="es">América Latina</dc:coverage>
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<title>Armed Forces, Police and Crime-fighting in Latin America</title>
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<author>Miguel Carreras</author>
<date>2017-12-04</date>
<copyright><p><strong>Authors' Certification</strong><br /><br />In submitting the manuscript, the authors certify that: <br /><br /> 1. They are authorised by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements. <br /><br /> 2. The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis or working paper), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication has been approved by all the authors and that the authors have full authority to enter into this agreement. <br /><br /> 3. They warrant and represent that they have the full power and authority to enter into and execute this agreement and to convey the rights granted herein, and that such rights are not now subject to prior assignment, transfer or other encumbrance. This also applies to the text and photo originals attained from other sources (for which the authors have secured the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere). <br /><br /> 4. Their manuscript contains nothing that is unlawful, libellous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy. <br /><br /> 5. In the event that the parties to this agreement, either individually or collectively, are held responsible for damages or the costs of a legal process undertaken by a third party as a result of the authors’ actions under points 1, 2, 3, and 4, the authors agree to release the publisher from the claims of the third party and to compensate the publisher for any resulting legal costs. <br /><br />6. They agree to the following license and copyright agreement: </p><ul><strong>Copyright Agreement</strong><br /><br /> Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:<br /> 1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication in print and online. The work is distributed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works License</a>, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. However, the work may not be altered or transformed. The license is valid for both electronic and paper copies. <br /> 2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.<br /> 3. Authors grant GIGA commercial rights to produce hardcopy volumes of the journal for sale to libraries and individuals, as well as to integrate the work, its title, and its abstract in databases, abstracting and indexing services, and other similar information sources.<br /> 4. Court of jurisdiction is Hamburg, Germany. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank"><br /><br />The full legal code of this license</a> (in German)</ul></copyright>
<copyright><p><strong>Certificación del autor</strong><br /><br /> Al enviar el manuscrito, los autores certifican que: <br /><br />1. Están autorizados por sus coautores para hacerlo. <br /><br />2. El manuscrito enviado es original y no ha sido publicado con anterioridad (excepto en forma de resumen o como parte de una conferencia publicada, reseña, tesis o documento de trabajo); no está siendo examinado para su publicación por ninguna otra revista; su publicación ha sido aprobada por todos los autores; y, los autores tienen plena autoridad para realizar este acuerdo. <br /><br />3. Declaran que tienen plena autoridad sobre los derechos del manuscrito y que el manuscrito es libre de derechos de terceros. Esa declaración se refiere a todas las partes del manuscrito y a todo material entregado, incluyendo a textos y material fotográfico de terceros. <br /><br />4. El manuscrito no contiene nada ilegal ni difamatorio ni que, de ser publicado, pudiese constituir una violación contractual o de la confianza o del compromiso de confidencialidad. <br /><br />5. En caso terceros demanden a las partes de este contrato, individual o conjuntamente, en base a las acciones de los autores especificadas en los párrafos 1, 2, 3 y 4, sea por indemnización o por gastos judiciales, los autores liberarán al GIGA de los reclamos de terceros y cubrirán eventuales gastos judiciales del GIGA.<br /><br /> 6. Acceden al siguiente acuerdo de licencia y copyright: </p><ul>Los Autores de Acuerdo de Copyright que publican en esta publicación están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos: <br />1. Los autores conservan el copyright y proporcionan a la revista el derecho de primera publicación impresa y en línea. La obra se distribuye bajo la <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Licencia Creative Commons Attribution No-Derivative Works</a>, que permite que terceros compartan el trabajo reconociendo la autoría del mismo y su primera publicación en esta revista. Sin embargo, la obra no puede ser alterada ni transformada. La licencia es válida para copias electrónicas y en papel. <br />2. Los autores pueden llegar a acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en la revista (p. ej. enviarla a un archivo institucional o publicarla en un libro), especificando que fue publicada por primera vez en esta revista. <br />3. Los autores otorgan a GIGA derechos comerciales para producir ejemplares en papel de la revista para su venta a bibliotecas y particulares, así como para incluir el trabajo, su título y su resumen en bases de datos, servicios de resúmenes e indexado y otras fuentes de información similares. <br />4. El tribunal competente es el de Hamburgo (Alemania).<br /><br /><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank">Código legal completo de esta licencia</a> (en alemán)</ul></copyright>
<other_access>url:https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jpla/article/view/1072</other_access>
<keyword>Political Science</keyword>
<keyword>Latin America; crime; military; authoritarian attitudes</keyword>
<keyword>300; 320; 322; 323</keyword>
<period>Array</period>
<period>América Latina</period>
<language>en</language>
<abstract>Over the past two decades, the armed forces have increasingly been asked to take an active role in the fight against the rampant crime in Latin America. Since the militaries in this region are not always trained to conduct themselves with restraint, the possibility of excesses and human rights violations is always latent. Despite that prospect, there is a high level of public support for military counter-crime interventions throughout the region. The key argument in this article is that when the Latin American public supports military interventions to combat crime, it makes a comparative judgment call about the relative efficacy of military vs. police conduct in domestic security roles. Latin American citizens have very low confidence in the capacity of the police to fight crime effectively and to respect human rights. They place more trust in the armed forces as an institution capable of performing effectively and in accordance with human rights standards and the rule of law. This study develops these arguments in greater detail and then turns to recent Americas Barometer surveys that clearly show that Latin American citizens place more trust in the armed forces than the police as an institution capable of effectively and humanely fighting criminal violence.</abstract>
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<dc:title lang="eng" type="ddb:titleISO639-2">Armed Forces, Police and Crime-fighting in Latin America</dc:title>
<dc:title lang="spa" type="ddb:titleISO639-2">Fuerzas armadas, policía, y la lucha contra el crimen en América Latina</dc:title>
<dc:creator type="pc:MetaPers">
<pc:person>
<pc:name type="nameUsedByThePerson">
<pc:foreName>David</pc:foreName>
<pc:surName>Pion-Berlin</pc:surName>
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<dc:subject type="dcterms:DDC">300; 320; 322; 323</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Political Science</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">ciencia política</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Latin America; crime; military; authoritarian attitudes</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">América Latina; criminalidad; fuerzas armadas; actitudes autoritarias</dc:subject>
<dcterms:abstract lang="eng" type="ddb:contentISO639-2">Over the past two decades, the armed forces have increasingly been asked to take an active role in the fight against the rampant crime in Latin America. Since the militaries in this region are not always trained to conduct themselves with restraint, the possibility of excesses and human rights violations is always latent. Despite that prospect, there is a high level of public support for military counter-crime interventions throughout the region. The key argument in this article is that when the Latin American public supports military interventions to combat crime, it makes a comparative judgment call about the relative efficacy of military vs. police conduct in domestic security roles. Latin American citizens have very low confidence in the capacity of the police to fight crime effectively and to respect human rights. They place more trust in the armed forces as an institution capable of performing effectively and in accordance with human rights standards and the rule of law. This study develops these arguments in greater detail and then turns to recent Americas Barometer surveys that clearly show that Latin American citizens place more trust in the armed forces than the police as an institution capable of effectively and humanely fighting criminal violence.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract lang="spa" type="ddb:contentISO639-2">Durante las últimas dos décadas, las fuerzas armadas fueron llamadas a ocupar un rol cada vez más activo en la lucha contra una criminalidad en aumento en América latina. Dado que las fuerzas armadas de la región no siempre están bien entrenadas para usar la fuerza en el ámbito civil, la posibilidad de excesos y violaciones a los derechos humanos siempre está latente. A pesar de esta posibilidad, las intervenciones militares en la lucha contra el crimen son generalmente bien recibidas por la opinión pública en la región. El argumento central de este artículo es que el apoyo a las intervenciones militares en la lucha contra el crimen se debe a que los ciudadanos latinoamericanos tienen muy poca confianza en la capacidad de la policía para luchar contra el crimen de manera efectiva y respetando los derechos humanos. Por el contrario, depositan más confianza en las fuerzas armadas como una institución capaz de actuar de manera efectiva, y respetando los derechos humanos y el estado de derecho. Este estudio desarrolla estos argumentos y luego usa datos recientes del Barómetro de las Américas que muestran claramente que los ciudadanos latinoamericanos depositan más confianza en las fuerzas armadas que en la policía. Las fuerzas armadas son vistas como una institución más capaz de luchar de manera efectiva y humana contra la violencia criminal que la fuerza policial.</dcterms:abstract>
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<cc:name>German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA)</cc:name>
<cc:place>Hamburg</cc:place>
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<cc:address>Neuer Jungfernstieg 21, 20354 Hamburg</cc:address>
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<cc:name>Hamburg University Press</cc:name>
<cc:place>Hamburg</cc:place>
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<cc:address>Von-Melle-Park 3, 20146 Hamburg</cc:address>
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<dcterms:issued type="dcterms:W3CDTF">2017-12-04</dcterms:issued>
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<dcterms:isPartOf type="ddb:ZS-Volume">9</dcterms:isPartOf>
<dcterms:isPartOf type="ddb:ZS-Issue">3</dcterms:isPartOf>
<dc:rights type="ddb:noScheme"><p><strong>Authors' Certification</strong><br /><br />In submitting the manuscript, the authors certify that: <br /><br /> 1. They are authorised by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements. <br /><br /> 2. The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis or working paper), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication has been approved by all the authors and that the authors have full authority to enter into this agreement. <br /><br /> 3. They warrant and represent that they have the full power and authority to enter into and execute this agreement and to convey the rights granted herein, and that such rights are not now subject to prior assignment, transfer or other encumbrance. This also applies to the text and photo originals attained from other sources (for which the authors have secured the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere). <br /><br /> 4. Their manuscript contains nothing that is unlawful, libellous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy. <br /><br /> 5. In the event that the parties to this agreement, either individually or collectively, are held responsible for damages or the costs of a legal process undertaken by a third party as a result of the authors’ actions under points 1, 2, 3, and 4, the authors agree to release the publisher from the claims of the third party and to compensate the publisher for any resulting legal costs. <br /><br />6. They agree to the following license and copyright agreement: </p><ul><strong>Copyright Agreement</strong><br /><br /> Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:<br /> 1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication in print and online. The work is distributed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works License</a>, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. However, the work may not be altered or transformed. The license is valid for both electronic and paper copies. <br /> 2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.<br /> 3. Authors grant GIGA commercial rights to produce hardcopy volumes of the journal for sale to libraries and individuals, as well as to integrate the work, its title, and its abstract in databases, abstracting and indexing services, and other similar information sources.<br /> 4. Court of jurisdiction is Hamburg, Germany. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank"><br /><br />The full legal code of this license</a> (in German)</ul></dc:rights>
<dc:rights type="ddb:noScheme"><p><strong>Certificación del autor</strong><br /><br /> Al enviar el manuscrito, los autores certifican que: <br /><br />1. Están autorizados por sus coautores para hacerlo. <br /><br />2. El manuscrito enviado es original y no ha sido publicado con anterioridad (excepto en forma de resumen o como parte de una conferencia publicada, reseña, tesis o documento de trabajo); no está siendo examinado para su publicación por ninguna otra revista; su publicación ha sido aprobada por todos los autores; y, los autores tienen plena autoridad para realizar este acuerdo. <br /><br />3. Declaran que tienen plena autoridad sobre los derechos del manuscrito y que el manuscrito es libre de derechos de terceros. Esa declaración se refiere a todas las partes del manuscrito y a todo material entregado, incluyendo a textos y material fotográfico de terceros. <br /><br />4. El manuscrito no contiene nada ilegal ni difamatorio ni que, de ser publicado, pudiese constituir una violación contractual o de la confianza o del compromiso de confidencialidad. <br /><br />5. En caso terceros demanden a las partes de este contrato, individual o conjuntamente, en base a las acciones de los autores especificadas en los párrafos 1, 2, 3 y 4, sea por indemnización o por gastos judiciales, los autores liberarán al GIGA de los reclamos de terceros y cubrirán eventuales gastos judiciales del GIGA.<br /><br /> 6. Acceden al siguiente acuerdo de licencia y copyright: </p><ul>Los Autores de Acuerdo de Copyright que publican en esta publicación están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos: <br />1. Los autores conservan el copyright y proporcionan a la revista el derecho de primera publicación impresa y en línea. La obra se distribuye bajo la <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Licencia Creative Commons Attribution No-Derivative Works</a>, que permite que terceros compartan el trabajo reconociendo la autoría del mismo y su primera publicación en esta revista. Sin embargo, la obra no puede ser alterada ni transformada. La licencia es válida para copias electrónicas y en papel. <br />2. Los autores pueden llegar a acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en la revista (p. ej. enviarla a un archivo institucional o publicarla en un libro), especificando que fue publicada por primera vez en esta revista. <br />3. Los autores otorgan a GIGA derechos comerciales para producir ejemplares en papel de la revista para su venta a bibliotecas y particulares, así como para incluir el trabajo, su título y su resumen en bases de datos, servicios de resúmenes e indexado y otras fuentes de información similares. <br />4. El tribunal competente es el de Hamburgo (Alemania).<br /><br /><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank">Código legal completo de esta licencia</a> (en alemán)</ul></dc:rights>
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