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<dc:title lang="en">Civil–Military Relations in Brazil: A Reassessment</dc:title>
<dc:title lang="es">Relações Civis-Militares No Brasil: Uma Reavaliação</dc:title>
<dc:creator>Thomas Charles Bruneau; Naval Postgraduate School</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Scott D. Tollefson; The William J. Perry Center For Hemispheric Defense Studies (WJPC) at National Defense University, Washington</dc:creator>
<dc:subject lang="en">Civil-Military Relations; Comparative Politics</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="en">Brazil; civil-military relations; military effectiveness; democratic consolidation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="en">300; 320; 321; 324; 350; 355</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es">Ciencia Política</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es">Brasil; as relações entre civis e militares; eficácia militar; consolidação democrática</dc:subject>
<dc:description lang="en">This article analyzes Brazilian civil–military relations using a framework that directs attention to the institutions of not only democratic civilian control, but also of military effectiveness and efficiency. The article argues that democratic civilian control over the armed forces in Brazil is exercised by a wide variety of mechanisms, many of which are not specifically designed for this purpose, but are instead part of a vast array of institutions that exercise control and oversight over public bureaucracies in general. Military prerogatives that were once high are now moderate or low, and there is currently no question of civilian control of the armed forces. However, several questions remain regarding the effectiveness of the armed forces. The article also emphasizes the importance of civilian staff assuming responsibilities in defense, as they have in virtually all other areas of government policy.</dc:description>
<dc:description lang="es">Este artigo analisa as relações entre civis e militares no Brasil, a partir de uma estrutura que concentra-se nas instituições, não só do ponto de vista do controle civil democrático, mas também do relativo a eficácia e a eficiência militar. O artigo argumenta que o controle civil democrático sobre as forças armadas no Brasil é exercido por uma grande variedade de mecanismos, muitos dos quais não foram projetados especificamente para esta finalidade, mas fazem parte de um vasto conjunto de instituições que exercem o controle e fiscalização sobre as burocracias públicas em geral. Prerrogativas militares que outrora eram altas, agora são moderadas ou baixas, e não existe, atualmente, preocupação específica com o controle civil sobre as forças armadas. Permanecem, entretanto, várias dúvidas com relação à eficácia das forças armadas. O artigo também ressalta importância de que civis assumam responsabilidades mais evidentes na defesa, uma vez que já têm assumido responsabilidades em praticamente todas as outras áreas da política governamental.</dc:description>
<dc:publisher lang="en">GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies</dc:publisher>
<dc:contributor lang="en">NA</dc:contributor>
<dc:date>2014-08-25</dc:date>
<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
<dc:identifier>https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jpla/article/view/764</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-4-7640</dc:identifier>
<dc:source lang="en">Journal of Politics in Latin America; Vol 6, No 2 (2014); 107-138</dc:source>
<dc:language>en</dc:language>
<dc:coverage lang="en">Brazil</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="en">2000-2013</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="es">Brasil</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="es">2000-2013</dc:coverage>
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<entry>2014-08-25T11:44:51Z</entry>
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<organization>Journal of Politics in Latin America; Vol 6, No 2 (2014)</organization>
<title>Civil–Military Relations in Brazil: A Reassessment</title>
<author>Thomas Charles Bruneau; Naval Postgraduate School</author>
<author>Scott D. Tollefson; The William J. Perry Center For Hemispheric Defense Studies (WJPC) at National Defense University, Washington</author>
<date>2014-08-25</date>
<copyright><p><strong>Authors' Certification</strong><br /><br />In submitting the manuscript, the authors certify that: <br /><br /> 1. They are authorised by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements. <br /><br /> 2. The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis or working paper), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication has been approved by all the authors and that the authors have full authority to enter into this agreement. <br /><br /> 3. They warrant and represent that they have the full power and authority to enter into and execute this agreement and to convey the rights granted herein, and that such rights are not now subject to prior assignment, transfer or other encumbrance. This also applies to the text and photo originals attained from other sources (for which the authors have secured the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere). <br /><br /> 4. Their manuscript contains nothing that is unlawful, libellous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy. <br /><br /> 5. In the event that the parties to this agreement, either individually or collectively, are held responsible for damages or the costs of a legal process undertaken by a third party as a result of the authors’ actions under points 1, 2, 3, and 4, the authors agree to release the publisher from the claims of the third party and to compensate the publisher for any resulting legal costs. <br /><br />6. They agree to the following license and copyright agreement: </p><ul><strong>Copyright Agreement</strong><br /><br /> Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:<br /> 1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication in print and online. The work is distributed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works License</a>, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. However, the work may not be altered or transformed. The license is valid for both electronic and paper copies. <br /> 2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.<br /> 3. Authors grant GIGA commercial rights to produce hardcopy volumes of the journal for sale to libraries and individuals, as well as to integrate the work, its title, and its abstract in databases, abstracting and indexing services, and other similar information sources.<br /> 4. Court of jurisdiction is Hamburg, Germany. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank"><br /><br />The full legal code of this license</a> (in German)</ul></copyright>
<copyright><p><strong>Certificación del autor</strong><br /><br /> Al enviar el manuscrito, los autores certifican que: <br /><br />1. Están autorizados por sus coautores para hacerlo. <br /><br />2. El manuscrito enviado es original y no ha sido publicado con anterioridad (excepto en forma de resumen o como parte de una conferencia publicada, reseña, tesis o documento de trabajo); no está siendo examinado para su publicación por ninguna otra revista; su publicación ha sido aprobada por todos los autores; y, los autores tienen plena autoridad para realizar este acuerdo. <br /><br />3. Declaran que tienen plena autoridad sobre los derechos del manuscrito y que el manuscrito es libre de derechos de terceros. Esa declaración se refiere a todas las partes del manuscrito y a todo material entregado, incluyendo a textos y material fotográfico de terceros. <br /><br />4. El manuscrito no contiene nada ilegal ni difamatorio ni que, de ser publicado, pudiese constituir una violación contractual o de la confianza o del compromiso de confidencialidad. <br /><br />5. En caso terceros demanden a las partes de este contrato, individual o conjuntamente, en base a las acciones de los autores especificadas en los párrafos 1, 2, 3 y 4, sea por indemnización o por gastos judiciales, los autores liberarán al GIGA de los reclamos de terceros y cubrirán eventuales gastos judiciales del GIGA.<br /><br /> 6. Acceden al siguiente acuerdo de licencia y copyright: </p><ul>Los Autores de Acuerdo de Copyright que publican en esta publicación están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos: <br />1. Los autores conservan el copyright y proporcionan a la revista el derecho de primera publicación impresa y en línea. La obra se distribuye bajo la <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Licencia Creative Commons Attribution No-Derivative Works</a>, que permite que terceros compartan el trabajo reconociendo la autoría del mismo y su primera publicación en esta revista. Sin embargo, la obra no puede ser alterada ni transformada. La licencia es válida para copias electrónicas y en papel. <br />2. Los autores pueden llegar a acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en la revista (p. ej. enviarla a un archivo institucional o publicarla en un libro), especificando que fue publicada por primera vez en esta revista. <br />3. Los autores otorgan a GIGA derechos comerciales para producir ejemplares en papel de la revista para su venta a bibliotecas y particulares, así como para incluir el trabajo, su título y su resumen en bases de datos, servicios de resúmenes e indexado y otras fuentes de información similares. <br />4. El tribunal competente es el de Hamburgo (Alemania).<br /><br /><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank">Código legal completo de esta licencia</a> (en alemán)</ul></copyright>
<other_access>url:https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jpla/article/view/764</other_access>
<keyword>Civil-Military Relations; Comparative Politics</keyword>
<keyword>Brazil; civil-military relations; military effectiveness; democratic consolidation</keyword>
<keyword>300; 320; 321; 324; 350; 355</keyword>
<period>Array</period>
<period>Array</period>
<monitoring>NA</monitoring>
<language>en</language>
<abstract>This article analyzes Brazilian civil–military relations using a framework that directs attention to the institutions of not only democratic civilian control, but also of military effectiveness and efficiency. The article argues that democratic civilian control over the armed forces in Brazil is exercised by a wide variety of mechanisms, many of which are not specifically designed for this purpose, but are instead part of a vast array of institutions that exercise control and oversight over public bureaucracies in general. Military prerogatives that were once high are now moderate or low, and there is currently no question of civilian control of the armed forces. However, several questions remain regarding the effectiveness of the armed forces. The article also emphasizes the importance of civilian staff assuming responsibilities in defense, as they have in virtually all other areas of government policy.</abstract>
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<dc:title lang="eng" type="ddb:titleISO639-2">Civil–Military Relations in Brazil: A Reassessment</dc:title>
<dc:title lang="spa" type="ddb:titleISO639-2">Relações Civis-Militares No Brasil: Uma Reavaliação</dc:title>
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<dc:subject type="dcterms:DDC">300; 320; 321; 324; 350; 355</dc:subject>
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<dcterms:abstract lang="eng" type="ddb:contentISO639-2">This article analyzes Brazilian civil–military relations using a framework that directs attention to the institutions of not only democratic civilian control, but also of military effectiveness and efficiency. The article argues that democratic civilian control over the armed forces in Brazil is exercised by a wide variety of mechanisms, many of which are not specifically designed for this purpose, but are instead part of a vast array of institutions that exercise control and oversight over public bureaucracies in general. Military prerogatives that were once high are now moderate or low, and there is currently no question of civilian control of the armed forces. However, several questions remain regarding the effectiveness of the armed forces. The article also emphasizes the importance of civilian staff assuming responsibilities in defense, as they have in virtually all other areas of government policy.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract lang="spa" type="ddb:contentISO639-2">Este artigo analisa as relações entre civis e militares no Brasil, a partir de uma estrutura que concentra-se nas instituições, não só do ponto de vista do controle civil democrático, mas também do relativo a eficácia e a eficiência militar. O artigo argumenta que o controle civil democrático sobre as forças armadas no Brasil é exercido por uma grande variedade de mecanismos, muitos dos quais não foram projetados especificamente para esta finalidade, mas fazem parte de um vasto conjunto de instituições que exercem o controle e fiscalização sobre as burocracias públicas em geral. Prerrogativas militares que outrora eram altas, agora são moderadas ou baixas, e não existe, atualmente, preocupação específica com o controle civil sobre as forças armadas. Permanecem, entretanto, várias dúvidas com relação à eficácia das forças armadas. O artigo também ressalta importância de que civis assumam responsabilidades mais evidentes na defesa, uma vez que já têm assumido responsabilidades em praticamente todas as outras áreas da política governamental.</dcterms:abstract>
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<dc:rights type="ddb:noScheme"><p><strong>Authors' Certification</strong><br /><br />In submitting the manuscript, the authors certify that: <br /><br /> 1. They are authorised by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements. <br /><br /> 2. The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis or working paper), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication has been approved by all the authors and that the authors have full authority to enter into this agreement. <br /><br /> 3. They warrant and represent that they have the full power and authority to enter into and execute this agreement and to convey the rights granted herein, and that such rights are not now subject to prior assignment, transfer or other encumbrance. This also applies to the text and photo originals attained from other sources (for which the authors have secured the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere). <br /><br /> 4. Their manuscript contains nothing that is unlawful, libellous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy. <br /><br /> 5. In the event that the parties to this agreement, either individually or collectively, are held responsible for damages or the costs of a legal process undertaken by a third party as a result of the authors’ actions under points 1, 2, 3, and 4, the authors agree to release the publisher from the claims of the third party and to compensate the publisher for any resulting legal costs. <br /><br />6. They agree to the following license and copyright agreement: </p><ul><strong>Copyright Agreement</strong><br /><br /> Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:<br /> 1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication in print and online. The work is distributed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works License</a>, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. However, the work may not be altered or transformed. The license is valid for both electronic and paper copies. <br /> 2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.<br /> 3. Authors grant GIGA commercial rights to produce hardcopy volumes of the journal for sale to libraries and individuals, as well as to integrate the work, its title, and its abstract in databases, abstracting and indexing services, and other similar information sources.<br /> 4. Court of jurisdiction is Hamburg, Germany. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank"><br /><br />The full legal code of this license</a> (in German)</ul></dc:rights>
<dc:rights type="ddb:noScheme"><p><strong>Certificación del autor</strong><br /><br /> Al enviar el manuscrito, los autores certifican que: <br /><br />1. Están autorizados por sus coautores para hacerlo. <br /><br />2. El manuscrito enviado es original y no ha sido publicado con anterioridad (excepto en forma de resumen o como parte de una conferencia publicada, reseña, tesis o documento de trabajo); no está siendo examinado para su publicación por ninguna otra revista; su publicación ha sido aprobada por todos los autores; y, los autores tienen plena autoridad para realizar este acuerdo. <br /><br />3. Declaran que tienen plena autoridad sobre los derechos del manuscrito y que el manuscrito es libre de derechos de terceros. Esa declaración se refiere a todas las partes del manuscrito y a todo material entregado, incluyendo a textos y material fotográfico de terceros. <br /><br />4. El manuscrito no contiene nada ilegal ni difamatorio ni que, de ser publicado, pudiese constituir una violación contractual o de la confianza o del compromiso de confidencialidad. <br /><br />5. En caso terceros demanden a las partes de este contrato, individual o conjuntamente, en base a las acciones de los autores especificadas en los párrafos 1, 2, 3 y 4, sea por indemnización o por gastos judiciales, los autores liberarán al GIGA de los reclamos de terceros y cubrirán eventuales gastos judiciales del GIGA.<br /><br /> 6. Acceden al siguiente acuerdo de licencia y copyright: </p><ul>Los Autores de Acuerdo de Copyright que publican en esta publicación están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos: <br />1. Los autores conservan el copyright y proporcionan a la revista el derecho de primera publicación impresa y en línea. La obra se distribuye bajo la <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Licencia Creative Commons Attribution No-Derivative Works</a>, que permite que terceros compartan el trabajo reconociendo la autoría del mismo y su primera publicación en esta revista. Sin embargo, la obra no puede ser alterada ni transformada. La licencia es válida para copias electrónicas y en papel. <br />2. Los autores pueden llegar a acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en la revista (p. ej. enviarla a un archivo institucional o publicarla en un libro), especificando que fue publicada por primera vez en esta revista. <br />3. Los autores otorgan a GIGA derechos comerciales para producir ejemplares en papel de la revista para su venta a bibliotecas y particulares, así como para incluir el trabajo, su título y su resumen en bases de datos, servicios de resúmenes e indexado y otras fuentes de información similares. <br />4. El tribunal competente es el de Hamburgo (Alemania).<br /><br /><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank">Código legal completo de esta licencia</a> (en alemán)</ul></dc:rights>
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