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<dc:title lang="en">Delegation, Presidential Regimes, and Latin American Regulatory Agencies</dc:title>
<dc:title lang="es">Delegación, regimenes presidenciales y agencias reguladoras en América Latina</dc:title>
<dc:creator>Jacint Jordana; Universitat Pompeu Fabra</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Carles Ramió; Universitat Pompeu Fabra</dc:creator>
<dc:subject lang="en">Political Science</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="en">Control of government; Control/Regulation; Institutions; Political responsibilities; Term of office; Separation of powers; Democracy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="en">320; 321; 342; 980</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es">Ciencia Política</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es">Control del Gobierno; Control/Regulación; Instituciones; Responsabilidades políticas; Duración del mandato; Separación de poderes; Democracia</dc:subject>
<dc:description lang="en">During the 1990s, a large number of regulatory agencies were created or reformed in different sectors in Latin American countries. Almost all included political delegation mechanisms, intended as formal rules to enhance credible commitments to time-consistent policies. In this paper, using an original data set of agencies’ head tenure in the telecommunications and finance regulatory agencies, we discuss if these mechanisms worked as planned, and find a divergence between actual mandates and the formally established fixed terms, effected by means of systematic early resignations. Our findings reveal, however, some consistent patterns of behavior. Stronger legislative presidential power reduced effective delegation to some extent, and agencies’ organizational strengths protected them from patron-age. We also confirmed the existence of some significant differences be-tween the two sectors examined. Having slightly weaker delegation rules, delegation practices were also less effective in telecommunications than in financial services, contrary to expectations about credible commitments.</dc:description>
<dc:description lang="es">Durante los años 1990, muchas agencias reguladoras fueron creadas o reformadas en diferentes sectores en los países latinoamericanos. Casi todas incluyeron mecanismos de delegación política, entendidos como reglas formales para mejorar los compromisos creíbles sobre políticas que requieren coherencia en el tiempo. En este trabajo, utilizando un conjunto de datos originales sobre los responsables de las agencias reguladoras de las telecomunicaciones y de las finanzas, se discute si estos mecanismos funcionaron como estaba previsto, identificándose una divergencia entre los mandatos reales y los términos formalmente establecidos, debido a la existencia de numerosas renuncias anticipadas. Nuestros hallazgos revelan, sin embargo, algunos patrones consistentes de comportamiento: un mayor poder presidencial sobre el legislativo reduce la delegación efectiva hasta cierto punto, y las fortalezas organizativas de las agencias ayudan a frente al patronazgo. También se confirma la existencia de algunas diferencias significativas entre los dos sectores objeto de estudio. Con unas normas de delegación ligeramente más débiles, las prácticas de delegación también fueron menos eficaces en las telecomunicaciones que en los servicios financieros, en contra de las expectativas sobre compromisos creíbles.</dc:description>
<dc:publisher lang="en">GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies</dc:publisher>
<dc:date>2010-04-26</dc:date>
<dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
<dc:identifier>https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jpla/article/view/217</dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier>urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-4-2177</dc:identifier>
<dc:source lang="en">Journal of Politics in Latin America; Vol 2, No 1 (2010); 3-30</dc:source>
<dc:language>en</dc:language>
<dc:coverage lang="en">Latin America</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="en">recent</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="es">América Latina</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="es">Reciente</dc:coverage>
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<entry>2010-04-26T11:53:31Z</entry>
<organization>GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies</organization>
<organization>Journal of Politics in Latin America; Vol 2, No 1 (2010)</organization>
<title>Delegation, Presidential Regimes, and Latin American Regulatory Agencies</title>
<author>Jacint Jordana; Universitat Pompeu Fabra</author>
<author>Carles Ramió; Universitat Pompeu Fabra</author>
<date>2010-04-26</date>
<copyright><strong>Authors' Certification</strong><br /><br />In submitting the manuscript, the authors certify that:<br /><br />1. They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.<br /><br />2. The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis or working paper), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication has been approved by all the authors and that the authors have full authority to enter into this agreement. <br /><br />3. They have secured the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.<br /><br />4. Their manuscript contains nothing that is unlawful, libelous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy.<br /><br />5. They agree to the following license and copyright agreement:<br /><ul><strong>Copyright Agreement</strong><br />Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: <br />1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication in print and online. The work is distributed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works License</a>, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. However, the work may not be altered or transformed. The license is valid for both electronic and paper copies.<br />2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. <br />3. Authors grant GIGA commercial rights to produce hardcopy volumes of the journal for sale to libraries and individuals, as well as to integrate the work, its title, and its abstract in databases, abstracting and indexing services, and other similar information sources.<br />4. Court of jurisdiction is Hamburg, Germany.<br /><br /><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank">The full legal code of this license</a> (in German)</ul></copyright>
<copyright><strong>Certificación del autor</strong><br /><br /> Al enviar el manuscrito, los autores certifican que: <br /><br />1. Están autorizados por sus coautores para hacerlo. <br /><br />2. El manuscrito enviado es original y no ha sido publicado con anterioridad (excepto en forma de resumen o como parte de una conferencia publicada, reseña, tesis o documento de trabajo); no está siendo examinado para su publicación por ninguna otra revista; su publicación ha sido aprobada por todos los autores; y, los autores tienen plena autoridad para realizar este acuerdo. <br /><br />3. Declaran su derecho a reproducir todo el material que ya haya sido publicado o sujeto a copyright en algún otro lugar. <br /><br />4. El manuscrito no contiene nada ilegal ni difamatorio ni que, de ser publicado, pudiese constituir una violación contractual o de la confianza o del compromiso de confidencialidad. <br /><br />5. Acceden al siguiente acuerdo de licencia y copyright: <ul>Los Autores de Acuerdo de Copyright que publican en esta publicación están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos: <br />1. Los autores conservan el copyright y proporcionan a la revista el derecho de primera publicación impresa y en línea. La obra se distribuye bajo la <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Licencia Creative Commons Attribution No-Derivative Works</a>, que permite que terceros compartan el trabajo reconociendo la autoría del mismo y su primera publicación en esta revista. Sin embargo, la obra no puede ser alterada ni transformada. La licencia es válida para copias electrónicas y en papel. <br />2. Los autores pueden llegar a acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en la revista (p. ej. enviarla a un archivo institucional o publicarla en un libro), especificando que fue publicada por primera vez en esta revista. <br />3. Los autores otorgan a GIGA derechos comerciales para producir ejemplares en papel de la revista para su venta a bibliotecas y particulares, así como para incluir el trabajo, su título y su resumen en bases de datos, servicios de resúmenes e indexado y otras fuentes de información similares. <br />4. El tribunal competente es el de Hamburgo (Alemania).<br /><br /> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank">Código legal completo de esta licencia</a> (en alemán)</ul></copyright>
<other_access>url:https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/giga/jpla/article/view/217</other_access>
<keyword>Political Science</keyword>
<keyword>Control of government; Control/Regulation; Institutions; Political responsibilities; Term of office; Separation of powers; Democracy</keyword>
<keyword>320; 321; 342; 980</keyword>
<period>Array</period>
<period>Array</period>
<language>en</language>
<abstract>During the 1990s, a large number of regulatory agencies were created or reformed in different sectors in Latin American countries. Almost all included political delegation mechanisms, intended as formal rules to enhance credible commitments to time-consistent policies. In this paper, using an original data set of agencies’ head tenure in the telecommunications and finance regulatory agencies, we discuss if these mechanisms worked as planned, and find a divergence between actual mandates and the formally established fixed terms, effected by means of systematic early resignations. Our findings reveal, however, some consistent patterns of behavior. Stronger legislative presidential power reduced effective delegation to some extent, and agencies’ organizational strengths protected them from patron-age. We also confirmed the existence of some significant differences be-tween the two sectors examined. Having slightly weaker delegation rules, delegation practices were also less effective in telecommunications than in financial services, contrary to expectations about credible commitments.</abstract>
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<dc:title lang="eng" type="ddb:titleISO639-2">Delegation, Presidential Regimes, and Latin American Regulatory Agencies</dc:title>
<dc:title lang="spa" type="ddb:titleISO639-2">Delegación, regimenes presidenciales y agencias reguladoras en América Latina</dc:title>
<dc:creator type="pc:MetaPers">
<pc:person>
<pc:name type="nameUsedByThePerson">
<pc:foreName>Jacint</pc:foreName>
<pc:surName>Jordana</pc:surName>
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</pc:person>
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<pc:person>
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<pc:foreName>Carles</pc:foreName>
<pc:surName>Ramió</pc:surName>
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<dc:subject type="dcterms:DDC">320; 321; 342; 980</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Political Science</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Ciencia Política</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Control of government; Control/Regulation; Institutions; Political responsibilities; Term of office; Separation of powers; Democracy</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Control del Gobierno; Control/Regulación; Instituciones; Responsabilidades políticas; Duración del mandato; Separación de poderes; Democracia</dc:subject>
<dcterms:abstract lang="eng" type="ddb:contentISO639-2">During the 1990s, a large number of regulatory agencies were created or reformed in different sectors in Latin American countries. Almost all included political delegation mechanisms, intended as formal rules to enhance credible commitments to time-consistent policies. In this paper, using an original data set of agencies’ head tenure in the telecommunications and finance regulatory agencies, we discuss if these mechanisms worked as planned, and find a divergence between actual mandates and the formally established fixed terms, effected by means of systematic early resignations. Our findings reveal, however, some consistent patterns of behavior. Stronger legislative presidential power reduced effective delegation to some extent, and agencies’ organizational strengths protected them from patron-age. We also confirmed the existence of some significant differences be-tween the two sectors examined. Having slightly weaker delegation rules, delegation practices were also less effective in telecommunications than in financial services, contrary to expectations about credible commitments.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract lang="spa" type="ddb:contentISO639-2">Durante los años 1990, muchas agencias reguladoras fueron creadas o reformadas en diferentes sectores en los países latinoamericanos. Casi todas incluyeron mecanismos de delegación política, entendidos como reglas formales para mejorar los compromisos creíbles sobre políticas que requieren coherencia en el tiempo. En este trabajo, utilizando un conjunto de datos originales sobre los responsables de las agencias reguladoras de las telecomunicaciones y de las finanzas, se discute si estos mecanismos funcionaron como estaba previsto, identificándose una divergencia entre los mandatos reales y los términos formalmente establecidos, debido a la existencia de numerosas renuncias anticipadas. Nuestros hallazgos revelan, sin embargo, algunos patrones consistentes de comportamiento: un mayor poder presidencial sobre el legislativo reduce la delegación efectiva hasta cierto punto, y las fortalezas organizativas de las agencias ayudan a frente al patronazgo. También se confirma la existencia de algunas diferencias significativas entre los dos sectores objeto de estudio. Con unas normas de delegación ligeramente más débiles, las prácticas de delegación también fueron menos eficaces en las telecomunicaciones que en los servicios financieros, en contra de las expectativas sobre compromisos creíbles.</dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher type="cc:Publisher">
<cc:universityOrInstitution>
<cc:name>German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA)</cc:name>
<cc:place>Hamburg</cc:place>
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<cc:address>Neuer Jungfernstieg 21, 20354 Hamburg</cc:address>
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<dc:publisher type="cc:Publisher">
<cc:universityOrInstitution>
<cc:name>Hamburg University Press</cc:name>
<cc:place>Hamburg</cc:place>
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<cc:address>Von-Melle-Park 3, 20146 Hamburg</cc:address>
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<dcterms:issued type="dcterms:W3CDTF">2010-04-26</dcterms:issued>
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<dc:identifier type="urn:nbn">urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-4-2177</dc:identifier>
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<dc:rights type="ddb:noScheme"><strong>Authors' Certification</strong><br /><br />In submitting the manuscript, the authors certify that:<br /><br />1. They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.<br /><br />2. The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis or working paper), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication has been approved by all the authors and that the authors have full authority to enter into this agreement. <br /><br />3. They have secured the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.<br /><br />4. Their manuscript contains nothing that is unlawful, libelous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy.<br /><br />5. They agree to the following license and copyright agreement:<br /><ul><strong>Copyright Agreement</strong><br />Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: <br />1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication in print and online. The work is distributed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works License</a>, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. However, the work may not be altered or transformed. The license is valid for both electronic and paper copies.<br />2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. <br />3. Authors grant GIGA commercial rights to produce hardcopy volumes of the journal for sale to libraries and individuals, as well as to integrate the work, its title, and its abstract in databases, abstracting and indexing services, and other similar information sources.<br />4. Court of jurisdiction is Hamburg, Germany.<br /><br /><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank">The full legal code of this license</a> (in German)</ul></dc:rights>
<dc:rights type="ddb:noScheme"><strong>Certificación del autor</strong><br /><br /> Al enviar el manuscrito, los autores certifican que: <br /><br />1. Están autorizados por sus coautores para hacerlo. <br /><br />2. El manuscrito enviado es original y no ha sido publicado con anterioridad (excepto en forma de resumen o como parte de una conferencia publicada, reseña, tesis o documento de trabajo); no está siendo examinado para su publicación por ninguna otra revista; su publicación ha sido aprobada por todos los autores; y, los autores tienen plena autoridad para realizar este acuerdo. <br /><br />3. Declaran su derecho a reproducir todo el material que ya haya sido publicado o sujeto a copyright en algún otro lugar. <br /><br />4. El manuscrito no contiene nada ilegal ni difamatorio ni que, de ser publicado, pudiese constituir una violación contractual o de la confianza o del compromiso de confidencialidad. <br /><br />5. Acceden al siguiente acuerdo de licencia y copyright: <ul>Los Autores de Acuerdo de Copyright que publican en esta publicación están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos: <br />1. Los autores conservan el copyright y proporcionan a la revista el derecho de primera publicación impresa y en línea. La obra se distribuye bajo la <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Licencia Creative Commons Attribution No-Derivative Works</a>, que permite que terceros compartan el trabajo reconociendo la autoría del mismo y su primera publicación en esta revista. Sin embargo, la obra no puede ser alterada ni transformada. La licencia es válida para copias electrónicas y en papel. <br />2. Los autores pueden llegar a acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en la revista (p. ej. enviarla a un archivo institucional o publicarla en un libro), especificando que fue publicada por primera vez en esta revista. <br />3. Los autores otorgan a GIGA derechos comerciales para producir ejemplares en papel de la revista para su venta a bibliotecas y particulares, así como para incluir el trabajo, su título y su resumen en bases de datos, servicios de resúmenes e indexado y otras fuentes de información similares. <br />4. El tribunal competente es el de Hamburgo (Alemania).<br /><br /> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank">Código legal completo de esta licencia</a> (en alemán)</ul></dc:rights>
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