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<dc:title lang="en">Compulsory for Whom? Mandatory Voting and Electoral Participation in Brazil, 1986-2006</dc:title>
<dc:title lang="es">Obrigatório para Quem? Voto Obrigatório e Participação Eleitoral no Brasil, 1986 a 2006</dc:title>
<dc:creator>Timothy J. Power</dc:creator>
<dc:subject lang="en">Political Science</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="en">Voting Systems; Political Participation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="en">321; 323</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es">Ciencia Política</dc:subject>
<dc:subject lang="es">Sistemas de Votación; Participación Política</dc:subject>
<dc:description lang="en">Latin America contains roughly half of the world’s countries that use compulsory voting, but this electoral institution has received only limited attention from researchers. This article examines the determinants of voter turnout in the world’s largest electorate subject to mandatory voting, that of Brazil. In analyzing data from six national legislative elections held in Brazil between 1986 and 2006, the study finds that the impact of compulsory laws varies across social and economic groups. From a methodological perspective, the article argues that “compulsoriness” of mandatory voting legislation can be modeled by taking into account both exemptions to the law and the relevance of potential sanctions against non-voters. The issue of enforcement must be considered if we are to develop comprehensive models of electoral participation under conditions of compulsory voting.</dc:description>
<dc:description lang="es">A América Latina congrega aproximadamente a metade dos paises do mundo que utilizam o voto obrigatório, mas até hoje essa instituição eleitoral tem recebido pouca atenção dos pesquisadores. O presente artigo examina os determinantes da participação eleitoral no maior eleitorado do mundo sujeito ao voto obrigatório, o brasileiro. Ao analisar dados de seis eleições legislativas nacionais entre 1986 e 2006, o estudo mostra que o impacto do voto obrigatório varia entre os grupos sociais e econômicos. Desde uma perspectiva metodológica, o artigo sustenta que a “obrigatoriedade” da legislação eleitoral pode ser modelada, levando-se em conta tanto as isenções à lei como a relevância de potenciais sanções contra os não-participantes. Devemos levar em consideração a questão do enforcement para podermos desenvolver modelos abrangentes de participação eleitoral sob condições de voto obrigatório.</dc:description>
<dc:publisher lang="en">GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies</dc:publisher>
<dc:date>2009-04-22</dc:date>
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<dc:source lang="en">Journal of Politics in Latin America; Vol 1, No 1 (2009); 97-122</dc:source>
<dc:language>en</dc:language>
<dc:coverage lang="en">Brazil</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="en">1986-2006</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="es">Brasil</dc:coverage>
<dc:coverage lang="es">1986-2006</dc:coverage>
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<title>Compulsory for Whom? Mandatory Voting and Electoral Participation in Brazil, 1986-2006</title>
<author>Timothy J. Power</author>
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<copyright><strong>Authors' Certification</strong><br /><br />In submitting the manuscript, the authors certify that:<br /><br />1. They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.<br /><br />2. The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis or working paper), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication has been approved by all the authors and that the authors have full authority to enter into this agreement. <br /><br />3. They have secured the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.<br /><br />4. Their manuscript contains nothing that is unlawful, libelous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy.<br /><br />5. They agree to the following license and copyright agreement:<br /><ul><strong>Copyright Agreement</strong><br />Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: <br />1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication in print and online. The work is distributed under the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/deed.en" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works License</a>, which allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. However, the work may not be altered or transformed. The license is valid for both electronic and paper copies.<br />2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. <br />3. Authors grant GIGA commercial rights to produce hardcopy volumes of the journal for sale to libraries and individuals, as well as to integrate the work, its title, and its abstract in databases, abstracting and indexing services, and other similar information sources.<br />4. Court of jurisdiction is Hamburg, Germany.<br /><br /><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/de/legalcode" target="_blank">The full legal code of this license</a> (in German)</ul></copyright>
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<dc:title lang="eng" type="ddb:titleISO639-2">Compulsory for Whom? Mandatory Voting and Electoral Participation in Brazil, 1986-2006</dc:title>
<dc:title lang="spa" type="ddb:titleISO639-2">Obrigatório para Quem? Voto Obrigatório e Participação Eleitoral no Brasil, 1986 a 2006</dc:title>
<dc:creator type="pc:MetaPers">
<pc:person>
<pc:name type="nameUsedByThePerson">
<pc:foreName>Timothy J.</pc:foreName>
<pc:surName>Power</pc:surName>
</pc:name>
</pc:person>
</dc:creator>
<dc:subject type="dcterms:DDC">321; 323</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Political Science</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Ciencia Política</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Voting Systems; Political Participation</dc:subject>
<dc:subject type="xMetaDiss:noScheme">Sistemas de Votación; Participación Política</dc:subject>
<dcterms:abstract lang="eng" type="ddb:contentISO639-2">Latin America contains roughly half of the world’s countries that use compulsory voting, but this electoral institution has received only limited attention from researchers. This article examines the determinants of voter turnout in the world’s largest electorate subject to mandatory voting, that of Brazil. In analyzing data from six national legislative elections held in Brazil between 1986 and 2006, the study finds that the impact of compulsory laws varies across social and economic groups. From a methodological perspective, the article argues that “compulsoriness” of mandatory voting legislation can be modeled by taking into account both exemptions to the law and the relevance of potential sanctions against non-voters. The issue of enforcement must be considered if we are to develop comprehensive models of electoral participation under conditions of compulsory voting.</dcterms:abstract>
<dcterms:abstract lang="spa" type="ddb:contentISO639-2">A América Latina congrega aproximadamente a metade dos paises do mundo que utilizam o voto obrigatório, mas até hoje essa instituição eleitoral tem recebido pouca atenção dos pesquisadores. O presente artigo examina os determinantes da participação eleitoral no maior eleitorado do mundo sujeito ao voto obrigatório, o brasileiro. Ao analisar dados de seis eleições legislativas nacionais entre 1986 e 2006, o estudo mostra que o impacto do voto obrigatório varia entre os grupos sociais e econômicos. Desde uma perspectiva metodológica, o artigo sustenta que a “obrigatoriedade” da legislação eleitoral pode ser modelada, levando-se em conta tanto as isenções à lei como a relevância de potenciais sanções contra os não-participantes. Devemos levar em consideração a questão do enforcement para podermos desenvolver modelos abrangentes de participação eleitoral sob condições de voto obrigatório.</dcterms:abstract>
<dc:publisher type="cc:Publisher">
<cc:universityOrInstitution>
<cc:name>German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA)</cc:name>
<cc:place>Hamburg</cc:place>
</cc:universityOrInstitution>
<cc:address>Neuer Jungfernstieg 21, 20354 Hamburg</cc:address>
</dc:publisher>
<dc:publisher type="cc:Publisher">
<cc:universityOrInstitution>
<cc:name>Hamburg University Press</cc:name>
<cc:place>Hamburg</cc:place>
</cc:universityOrInstitution>
<cc:address>Von-Melle-Park 3, 20146 Hamburg</cc:address>
</dc:publisher>
<dcterms:issued type="dcterms:W3CDTF">2009-04-22</dcterms:issued>
<dc:type type="dini:PublType">article</dc:type>
<dc:identifier type="urn:nbn">urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-4-234</dc:identifier>
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<dc:language type="dcterms:ISO639-2">eng</dc:language>
<dcterms:isPartOf type="ddb:ZSTitelID">1868-4890</dcterms:isPartOf>
<dcterms:isPartOf type="ddb:ZS-Volume">1</dcterms:isPartOf>
<dcterms:isPartOf type="ddb:ZS-Issue">1</dcterms:isPartOf>
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